Scroll Top
Tudor House, Grammar School Road, North Walsham, Norfolk, NR28 9JH, UK

EMC Standards

EMC Standards Explained

Text here to explain the standards and how they are grouped, what they are used for etc.

EN Standards

EN 55011

Standard
EN 55011 (Now superseded by EN 55032)
Scope
Industrial, scientific and medical equipment (ISM)
Household and similar equipment that uses RF energy
Group 1 – any devices not covered by Group 2.
Group 2 – Intentionally generates RF energy
Class A – Used in non domestic environments
Class B – May be used in domestic environment

 

Test Type
Frequency
Test Method
Conducted Emissions 150KHz-30MHz LISN
Radiated Emissions 30MHz-1GHz OATS OR Test Cell

 

Note that EMC compliance in the EU requires measurement of mains harmonics according to IEC61000-3-2 and Flicker according to IEC61000-3-3.
See AC2000A harmonics and flicker analyser.

EN 55014

Standard
EN 55014-1
Scope
Household appliances and hand held tools

 

Test Type
Frequency Range
Test Method
Conducted Emissions
(Power cables)
150KHz to 30MHz LISN
Radiated Emissions 30MHz to 1GHz  OATS or Test Cell or Chamber

 

Note that EMC compliance in the EU requires measurement of mains harmonics according to IEC61000-3-2 and Flicker according to IEC61000-3-3.
See AC2000A harmonics and flicker analyser.

EN 55015

Standard
EN55015
Scope
Luminaires
Test type
Frequency range
Test method
Conducted Emissions 9KHz – 30MHz LISN
Radiated Emissions 30MHz – 300MHz CDN or OATS
Magnetic field 9KHz – 30MHz Large loop antenna

Note that EMC compliance for luminaires requires measurement of mains harmonics according to IEC61000-3-2.
See AC2000A harmonics and flicker analyser.

EN 55022

Standard
EN 55022 (now superseded by EN 55032)
Scope
Information Technology equipment (ITE)

 

Test type
Frequency range
Test method
Conducted Emissions 150KHz to 30MHz LISN
Radiated Emissions 30MHz to 1 or 2 or 6GHz

(Depending on highest clock frequency in EUT)

 OATS or Test Cell

Note that EMC compliance in the EU requires measurement of mains harmonics according to IEC61000-3-2 and Flicker according to IEC61000-3-3.
See AC2000A harmonics and flicker analyser.

EN55025

Standard
EN55025
Scope
Vehicles, boats and other internal combustion engines.
Type

 

RF emissions measurement for the protection of on-board receivers.
Relates to whole vehicle and to components (original equipment and aftermarket)

The table below shows the test requirements and ancillary items.
Common to all tests are an EMC analyser (SA1002 or SA3000), pre-selector (RF910), pre-amplifier (SA1020) and associated software (included with the EMC analyser).

 

EN 55025 Clause
Item
Type
Freq. range
(MHz)
Method
Ancillaries
5 Whole vehicle Radiated As specified On-board antenna Antenna matching unit
ALSE
0.5 -30 1m monopole
30 – 1000 ¼ wave monopole
1000-2500 As recommended
Whole vehicle
Charging mode
Appropriate bands.

0.15 – 2500

On-board antenna LISN (CISPR16)
HV AN  (CISPR25)
AAN
6 Components & modules Conducted 0.15 – 108 LISN LISN  (CISPR25)
0.15 – 245 Current probe Current probe
Radiated 0.15- 30 Antenna+ ALSE 1m monopole
30- 2500 Antenna + ALSE Broadband antenna
Annex F 0.15 – 245 (limited by cell size) TEM cell TEM cell
Annex G 0.15 – 980  (limited by stripline design) Stripline Stripline

 

Notes:

ALSE = Absorber Lined Screened Enclosure.

Limits applicable to each test are included in the EMCEngineer software issued with the Laplace EMC analysers

Clause 5:

Emissions received by antenna on same vehicle.
Antenna is the one normally fitted to the vehicle. If non fitted, use 1m monopole (band B) or loaded ¼ wave monopole (band C & D).
Antenna matching unit reqd: Input imp. >100K II <10pF , Output imp.: 50R

Additional tests when vehicle is in charging mode.
AC mains: LISN: 50uH/50R AMN CISPR16
DC cable: LISN: 5uH/50R HV-AN High voltage
Comms lines: AAN (Artificial Asymmetric Network)

Clause 6:
Components & modules:

Power via 5uH AN  (annex E)
Conducted emissions, LISN   5uH/50R, CISPR25 0.15 – 108MHz (All detectors)
Conducted emissions,  current probe, 0.15 – 245MHz (Pk and Ave)
Radiated emissions, 1m monopole, 0.15 – 30MHz  in ALSE
Radiated emissions, broadband antenna(s), 30 – 2500MHz in ALSE

Annex E:

5uH LISN  i/p C = 1uF,  0/p C = 0.1uF, shunt R = 1K (CISPR25)
5uH HV AN i/p C = 0.1uF, o/p C = 0.1uF,  shunt = 1K. Additional discharge R = 1M
50uH/50R CISPR16
AAN for comms lines: CDN (to give 150R impedance)  For matching only.

EN 55032

Standard
EN55032
Scope
MULTI_MEDIA EQUIPMENT (MME)
Includes ITE

 

Test Type
Frequency range
Test Method
Conducted Emissions
(Power cabels)
150KHz to 30MHz LISN
Conducted Emissions
(all other ports)
 150KHz to 30MHz AAN
Radiated Emissions 30MHz to 1 or 2 or 6GHz
(Depending on highest clock frequency in EUT)
OATS or Test Cell or Chamber

 

Note that EMC compliance in the EU requires measurement of mains harmonics according to IEC61000-3-2 and Flicker according to IEC61000-3-3.
See AC2000A harmonics and flicker analyser.

IEC Standards

IEC61000-3-2 (Harmonics)

Standard
IEC/EN61000-3-2 and IEC/EN61000-3-3
Scope
The scope includes products such as lighting equipment, portable tools, all electronic equipment, consumer products and appliances and industrial equipment. This standard does not cover equipment which has a nominal supply voltage less than 220V ac and no limits have been specified for professional equipment above 1kW.

 

Test type
Frequency range
Test method
Harmonics 50Hz-2KHZ (40th harmonic) AC2000A and AC1000
Flicker N/A AC2000A

IEC61000-3-3 (Flicker)

Standard
IEC/EN61000-3-3 and IEC/EN61000-3-2
Scope
The scope covers any equipment that has a mains power rating of 16A or less, and which may significantly vary the power consumption at a rate between 1Hz and 20Hz. Such variation in load can cause the mains voltage to fluctuate, which in turn can cause fluctuations in lighting intensity (Flicker). This standard does not cover equipment which has a nominal supply voltage less than 220V ac and no limits have been specified for professional equipment above 1kW.

 

Test type
Frequency range
Test method
Harmonics and flicker Mains: 50 – 60Hz
Flicker: 1Hz – 20Hz
AC2000A

IEC61000-4-2

Standard
IEC61000-4-2
Scope
All Electrical/Electronic Equipment

 

Test Type
Test Level
Test Method
Simulates Electrostatic discharges typically caused by friction between non-conductive surfaces Refer to product specific standard Use ESD simulator to create both air discharge and contact events.

Note: Refer to ESD (Onyx16/30) Product

IEC61000-4-3

Radiated RF Immunity

IEC61000-4-3 immunity testing requires that the EUT (equipment under test) operates satisfactorily when subject to a strong radiated electromagnetic field. (Such as might be created by cell phones and other intentional radiators, and RF noise that might be caused, inadvertently or otherwise, by industrial processes).

This requires a frequency scan at a certain fixed level of field strength (specified by the standard). The ‘scan’ will comprise a series of ‘steps’ in frequency. Each step is specified as a percentage of current frequency value. This percentage is variable from 0.2% to 5%.
chamber_configrAt each step, the frequency is held, the level adjusted to the required field strength (V/m) as measured by a field sensor, a prescribed modulation mode is initiated and then the conditions held for a ‘dwell’ time. The EUT should be monitored to detect faulty operation during the test. Typical values for field strength are 3 V/m for domestic and 10 V/m for industrial products.

Other higher stress levels are often specified for certain types of products eg medical and automotive.  These fields are so intense that this test must be carried out in a screened chamber or test cell. Test cells such as the GTEM or Laplacell are highly efficient but restricted to small products.  Screened chambers can be large, but can be relatively expensive and require powerful amplifiers to create the required stress levels.

The Laplace range includes complete solutions for such tests. We can supply systems based on either a test cell, or for use inside a test chamber (Anechoic Chamber).
When using a test cell (LaplaCell) the antenna and field probe are integrated into the cell, so these items are not separately required. If installing a system in an anechoic chamber, then the antenna and field probe is required.

Note: that the LaplaCells not only provide an economical and efficient alternative to the test chamber, it also provides a calibrated environment for radiated emissions measurements.


These are the standard systems that Laplace offers:

LC300 Immunity Testing

Typical setup for radiated RF immunity testing acc. IEC61000-4-3 (with options for emissions measurement) in Lc300/2 test cell.

Equipment required:

A   Lc300/2 Test cell
B   RF3000 for up to 3GHz, RF6000 for up to 6GHz
C   RF1100 power amplifier
D   Software for your PC

Note:
For 3GHz system, add….
C1  RF1300 power amplifier
C2  LETIS switching unit

For 6GHz system, add….
RF1600 power amplifier
LETIS Switching unit

 


LC600 Immunity Testing

Typical setup for radiated RF immunity testing acc. IEC61000-4-3 (with options for emissions measurement) in Lc600 test cell.

Equipment required:

A   Lc600   Test cell
B   RF3000 for up to 3GHz, RF6000 for up to 6GHz
C   RF1100 power amplifier
D   Software for your PC

Note:
For 3GHz system, add….
C1  RF1300 power amplifier
C2  LETIS switching unit

For 6GHz system, add….
RF1600 power amplifier
LETIS Switching unit

 


Anechoic Chamber Immunity testing

RF immunity test facility acc. IEC61000-4-3
80MHz – 1GHz, with options to increase to 6GHz
Contact Laplace for details of chambers.

Equipment required:

1        Chamber
A        Antenna
B       RF3000 for up to 3GHz, RF6000 for up to 6GHz
C1     Power amplifier (80 – 1000MHz)
C2     Power amplifier (1GHz – 3GHz) or (1GHz – 6GHz)
D       Field sensor
E       Software for your PC
F       Switching unit – LETIS

IEC61000-4-4

Standard
IEC61000-4-4
Scope
Mains powered equipment

 

Test Type
Test Level
Test Method
simulates switching transients caused when equipment is switched on or off Refer to product specific standard Transient injection via coupling networks or capacitive coupling clamps

Note: Refer to Burst/EFTG

IEC61000-4-5

Standard
IEC61000-4-5
Scope
Mains powered equipment

 

Test Type
Test Level
Test Method
Simulates voltage surges as produced by lighting strikes on mains distribution systems Refer to product specific standard Injection via coupling network

Note: Refer to Surge and Hybrid

IEC61000-4-6

This standard refers to the testing of products to check their ability to operate properly when subject to conducted RF interference. Usually the signal is swept between 150KHz and 230MHz and 1KHz modulation is applied. This RF signal injected into the product via cables such as the mains power lead or any other leads. The typical level applied is 10Vrms but this may vary from 3Vrms to 18Vrms according to the environment in which the product will be used.

Generally, the RF is generated by a signal generator, put through a power amplifier and applied to the cable via a CDN (coupling-decoupling network). This CDN applies the signal via a capacitor within an impedence matching network to ensure consistency and uniform coupling across the whole frequency range. Although the CDN is the preferred method, other injection techniques may be used (such as BCI, Bulk Current Injection, or the EM Clamp). However BCI is known to give inconsistant results and requires a higher level of injection whilst the size and cost of the EM clamp can be prohibitive.

During the test, the product is supported off a ground plane (typically at 10cm spacing) and all other cables are fed through similar CDNs to ensure that the product is decoupled from its associated equipment at these RF frequencies. Therefore to conduct such a test, a CDN is required for each cable normally connected to the product

Conventional technique

The standard specifies that prior to applying the test to the product, the input power level must be calibrated by connecting the CDN to a calibration adaptor and adjusting the input power level at each test frequency so that the required level (eg 10Vrms) appears on the CDN output. The calibration adaptor is then removed, the CDN connected to the cable and the test is then run using the same power level settings.

cdn-standard_1
cdn-standard_2
Enhanced technique

An enhanced technique offered by Laplace is to use an enhanced CDN and control the level directly. This ‘closed loop’ control system offers better accuracy and eliminates the need for separate calibration adaptors, an RF millivotmeter and (because the 6dB attenuator is no longer required) only half the power amplifier power is required.

cdn-enhanced

Laplace offers a complete integrated test system using the enhanced techniques comprising of:
-RFIC-4-6 signal source (which includes the PC Windows control software)
-RF0250 power amplifier
-Range of CDNs.
-BCI clamps
-EM clamp with calibration fixture
-Calibration fixture for BCI clamp

IEC61000-4-8/9

Note that these tests are normally only required if the product is intended for use in a high magnetic field environment such as electrified railways, some industrial sites, hospitals, power generators or distribution transformer stations
IEC61000-4-8
Power frequency magnetic field  (eg:  50 and 60Hz)
IEC61000-4-9
Pulsed magnetic field  (eg,  Lightning strikes ,short circuit ‘events’, MRI scanners)

 

The equipment required consists of a coil to generate the field, and a driver to supply the current to the coil.

The coil is normally an open coil size 1m x 1m square, supplied on a stand such that it can be supported and rotated to provide vertical and horizontal polarised fields.

 

IEC61000-4-8

For the power frequency test, the HI 200 provides both the driver and the coil. This is fully compliant with IEC61000-4-8, both short term and continuous testing.

HA 200 Specifications IEC 61000-4-8

  • Power frequency magnetic fields acc. to IEC 61000-4-8
  • Test levels 3 / 10 / 30 / 100 A/m; continuous 1 – 130 A/m
  • Test level 1000 A/m short, with special transformer
6100-4-8 and 9 coil
IEC61000-4-9

For the pulsed magnetic field test, the Multi-CE5 mainframe generates the required pulse signals and is used in conjunction with the HI 200 coil unit. The HI 200 includes an interface to the Multi-CE5.  The test is generated and controlled via the Multi-CE5 user interface.

HA 200 Specifications IEC 61000-4-9

  • Pulsed magnetic fields acc. to IEC 61000-4-9
  • Test levels 100 / 300 / 1000 A/m; continuous
  • Wave shape 8/20µs

Datasheet

HI 200 Datasheet

IEC61000-4-11

Standard
IEC61000-4-11
Scope
Mains powered equipment

 

Test Type
Test Level
Test Method
Simulates the common voltage drops and short term interruptions in the mains supply Refer to product specific standard Replication of the typical brown outs and interruptions.

Note: Refer to Multi-CE5 integrated test system

IEC61000-6-1

Standard
IEC61000-6-1 and IEC61000-6-2
Scope
Generic immunity standards that apply to any item not specifically covered by other product specific standards.
IEC61000-6-1 used for industrial environments
IEC61000-6-2 used for residential environments

 

Standard
Test
Simulates
IEC61000-4-2 ESD Electrostatic discharge
IEC61000-4-3 Radiated RF Proximity to transmitters
IEC61000-4-4 EFT & Burst Switching transients on power distribution systems
IEC61000-4-5 Surge Lightening strikes
IEC61000-4-6 Conducted RF Coupling of ambient RF onto cables
IEC61000-4-8 Magnetic field
(50Hz frequency)
Proximity to power supplies, motors, transformers, traction systems, etc.
IEC61000-4-9 Magnetic field
(Pulsed)
MRI scanners, traction systems
IEC61000-4-11 Dips & Interrupts Common phenomena on mains supply networks.

IEC61000-6-2

Standard
IEC61000-6-1 and IEC61000-6-2
Scope
Generic immunity standards that apply to any item not specifically covered by other product specific standards.
IEC61000-6-1 used for industrial environments
IEC61000-6-2 used for residential environments

 

Standard
Test
Simulates
IEC61000-4-2 ESD Electrostatic discharge
IEC61000-4-3 Radiated RF Proximity to transmitters
IEC61000-4-4 EFT & Burst Switching transients on power distribution systems
IEC61000-4-5 Surge Lightening strikes
IEC61000-4-6 Conducted RF Coupling of ambient RF onto cables
IEC61000-4-8 Magnetic field
(50Hz frequency)
Proximity to power supplies, motors, transformers, traction systems, etc.
IEC61000-4-9 Magnetic field
(Pulsed)
MRI scanners, traction systems
IEC61000-4-11 Dips & Interrupts Common phenomena on mains supply networks.

IEC61000-6-3

Standard
IEC61000-6-3 and IEC61000-6-4
Scope
Generic emissions standards that apply to any item not specifically covered by other product specific standards.
IEC61000-6-3 for products used in industrial environments
IEC61000-6-4 for products used in residential environments

 

Standard
Test
Method
EN 55032 Conducted RF LISN
EN 55032 Radiated RF OATS or Chamber or Test Cell
IEC61000-3-2 Mains Harmonics Harmonic analyser
IEC61000-3-3 Flicker Flicker analyser
IEC61000-3-3 Inrush current Power analyser

IEC61000-6-4

Standard
IEC61000-6-3 and IEC61000-6-4
Scope
Generic emissions standards that apply to any item not specifically covered by other product specific standards.
IEC61000-6-3 for products used in industrial environments
IEC61000-6-4 for products used in residential environments

 

Standard
Test
Method
EN 55032 Conducted RF LISN
EN 55032 Radiated RF OATS or Chamber or Test Cell
IEC61000-3-2 Mains Harmonics Harmonic analyser
IEC61000-3-3 Flicker Flicker analyser
IEC61000-3-3 Inrush current Power analyser